The laws that shape disability rights and access to education in the United States have evolved significantly over the past several decades. 

This legislative history timeline outlines the major federal milestones that have advanced access, equity, and inclusion for individuals with disabilities, from early civil rights protections to comprehensive education laws and the expansion of services across age groups and educational settings. These key moments provide important context for the work we do at the Accessible Education Center and reflect the legal foundation that supports students’ right to full participation in academic life.

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  1973

  Vocational Rehabilitation Act- Section 504 (PL 93-112)

  Defines handicapped person.

  Defines appropriate education.

  Prohibits discrimination against students with disabilities in federally funded programs.

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  1974

  Educational Amendments Act (PL 93-380)

  Grants federal funds to states for programming for exceptional learners.

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  1975

  Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142)

  Requires free, appropriate public education between ages 5–18.

  Requires individualized programming in the least restrictive environment.

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  1986

  Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments (PL 99-457)

  Requires states to extend free appropriate education down to ages 3–5.

  Establishes early intervention programs for birth–2 years.

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  1990

  Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (PL 101-336)

  Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in private sector.

  Protects equal opportunity to employment, public services, accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications.

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  1990

  Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (PL 101-476, replaces 94-142)

  Extends support services: Adds two categories (autism, traumatic brain injury), bilingual special education, transition services, transition programming.

  Relevant to K–12 educational system.

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  1997

  Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), amended and reauthorized in 2004 (PL 105-17)

  Requires services when expelled.

  Greater responsibility in educating students in general education curriculum.

  Other provisions related to inclusion, accountability, and standards.

•  

  2008

  Americans with Disabilities Amendments Act (ADAA)

  Added definitions to terms not defined in the original law.

  Further clarified substantial limitations and major life activities.